Two factor authentication for WatchGuard XTM and Firebox SSL VPN

 

The LoginTC RADIUS Connector is a complete two-factor authentication virtual machine packaged to run within your corporate network. The LoginTC RADIUS Connector enables the WatchGuard XTM and Firebox VPN (e.g. Mobile VPN with SSL or IPSec or IKEv2 or L2TP) to use LoginTC for the most secure two-factor authentication. For an alternate method using direct authentication then you may be interested in: Two factor authentication for WatchGuard XTM and Firebox SSL VPN Alternative.

User Experience

After entering the username and password into the Mobile VPN client, the user is presented with an Authentication Message. The user may enter ‘1’ to receive a push notification to their device to approve or enter a valid One-Time Password (OTP). This flow works the same for clientless access.

Video Instructions
Architecture

Authentication Flow

  1. A user attempts access with their existing WatchGuard client with username / password
  2. A RADIUS authentication request is sent to the LoginTC RADIUS Connector
  3. The username / password is verified against an existing first factor directory (LDAP, Active Directory or RADIUS)
  4. An authentication request is made to LoginTC Cloud Services
  5. Secure push notification request sent to the user’s mobile or desktop device
  6. User response (approval or denial of request) sent to LoginTC Cloud Services
  7. The LoginTC RADIUS Connector polls until the user responds or a timeout is reached
  8. RADIUS Access-Accept sent back to WatchGuard
  9. User is granted access to WatchGuard
Compatibility

WatchGuard appliance compatibility:

  • WatchGuard Firebox T10 Series
  • WatchGuard XTM 2 Series
  • WatchGuard XTM 3 Series
  • WatchGuard XTM 5 Series
  • WatchGuard Unified Threat Management (UTM)
  • WatchGuard Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)
  • WatchGuard appliance supporting RADIUS authentication

Appliance not listed?
We probably support it. Contact us if you have any questions.

Compatibility Guide
WatchGuard XTM, Firebox and any other appliance which have configurable RADIUS authentication are supported. For example, WatchGuard Mobile VPN with SSL.

Prerequisites

Before proceeding, please ensure you have the following:

Create Application

Start by creating a LoginTC Application for your deployment. An Application represents a service (e.g. An application is a service (e.g., VPN or web application) that you want to protect. e) that you want to protect with LoginTC.

Create a LoginTC Application in LoginTC Admin Panel, follow Create Application Steps.

If you have already created a LoginTC Application for your deployment, then you may skip this section and proceed to Installation.

Installation
  1. Download the latest LoginTC RADIUS Connector:
  2. Import the virtual appliance your computer virtualization software
  3. Ensure that LoginTC RADIUS CONNECTOR has a virtual network card
  4. Start the virtual appliance
  5. You will be with a console prompt:
  6. Login using the username logintc-user and default password logintcradius:
  7. Once logged in type setup:
  8. Follow the on-screen prompt to setup a new password for logintc-user:
  9. By default the appliance network is not configured. Manually configure the network by typing 1 and hit enter:
  10. Follow the on-screen prompts to setup the network. When done, type 1 and enter to confirm the settings:
  11. You will be presented with the network configuration which includes the URL to connect to the appliance from a web browser (example https://172.20.221.105:8443):
  12. Navigate to the URL shown in the console dashboard (example: https://172.20.221.105:8443):
  13. Login using the username logintc-user and the password that was set in the initial setup:
  14. Link to your existing LoginTC organization. The 64-character Organization API Key is found on the LoginTC Admin Panel under Settings >page API >page Click to view, also see Organization API Key:
  15. Confirm the LoginTC organization name and click Continue to LoginTC RADIUS Connector:
  16. If you have an existing LoginTC RADIUS Connector your wish to import configurations then click Yes, import configurations from an existing LoginTC RADIUS Connector, otherwise click No, continue to the adminsitration panel:

    NOTE
    These instructions assume a new environment. For a complete 2.X / 3.X to 4.X upgrade guide: LoginTC RADIUS Connector Upgrade Guide

  17. Now you are ready to use the LoginTC RADIUS Connector:
The LoginTC RADIUS Connector runs a firewall with the following open ports:
Port Protocol Purpose
1812 UDP RADIUS authentication
443 TCP API traffic
8443 TCP Web interface
Note: Username and Password logintc-user is used for SSH and web access. The default password is logintcradius. You will be asked to change the default password on first boot of the appliance.
Configuration for WatchGuard VPN MFA

Endpoints describe how the appliance will authenticate your RADIUS-speaking device with an optional first factor and LoginTC as a second factor. Each endpoint has 4 Sections:

1. LoginTC Settings

This section describes how the appliance itself authenticates against LoginTC Admin Panel with your LoginTC Application. Only users that are part of your organization and added to the domain configured will be able to authenticate.

2. User Directory

This section describes how the appliance will conduct an optional first factor. Either against an existing LDAP, Active Directory or RADIUS server. If no first factor is selected, then only LoginTC will be used for authentication.

3. Challenge Strategy / Passthrough

This section describes whether the appliance will perform a LoginTC challenge for an authenticating user. The default is to challenge all users. However with either a static list or Active Directory / LDAP Group you can control whom gets challenged to facilitate seamless testing and rollout.

4. Client Settings

This section describes which RADIUS-speaking device will be connecting to the appliance and whether to encrypt API Key, password and secret parameters.

The web interface makes setting up an endpoint simple and straightforward. Each section has a Test feature, which validates each input value and reports all potential errors. Section specific validation simplifies troubleshooting and gets your infrastructure protected correctly faster.

First Endpoint

Close the console and navigate to your appliance web interface URL. Use username logintc-user and the password you set upon initial launch of the appliance. You will now configure the LoginTC RADIUS Connector.

Create a new endpoint file by clicking + Create your first endpoint:

Web Server

LoginTC Settings

A list of available Applications will be displayed from your LoginTC organization. Select which LoginTC Application to use:

Web Server

Configure the application:

Web Server

Configuration values:

Property Explanation
Application ID The 40-character Application ID, retrieve Application ID
Application API Key The 64-character Application API Key, retrieve Application API Key
Request Timeout Number of seconds that the RADIUS connector will wait for

The Application ID and Application API Key are found on the LoginTC Admin Panel.

Request Timeout

Make a note of what you set the Request Timeout to as you will need to use a larger timeout value in your RADIUS client. We recommend setting the Request Timeout value to 60 seconds in the LoginTC RADIUS Connector and setting the RADIUS authentication server timeout to 70 seconds in RADIUS Client. For more information see: Recommended settings for an optimal user experience for VPN access

Click Test to validate the values and then click Next:

Web Server

User Directory

Configure the user directory to be used for first authentication factor in conjunction with LoginTC. You may use Active Directory / LDAP or an existing RADIUS server. You may also opt not to use a first factor, in which case LoginTC will be the only authentication factor.

Web Server

Active Directory / Generic LDAP Option

Select Active Directory if you have an AD Server. For all other LDAP-speaking directory services, such as OpenDJ or OpenLDAP, select Generic LDAP:

Web Server

Configuration values:

Property Explanation Examples
host Host or IP address of the LDAP server ldap.example.com or 192.168.1.42
port (optional) Port if LDAP server uses non-standard (i.e., 389/636) 4000
bind_dn DN of a user with read access to the directory cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com
bind_password The password for the above bind_dn account password
base_dn The top-level DN that you wish to query from dc=example,dc=com
attr_username The attribute containing the user’s username sAMAccountName or uid
attr_name The attribute containing the user’s real name displayName or cn
attr_email The attribute containing the user’s email address mail or email
LDAP Group (optional) The name of the LDAP group to be sent back to the authenticating server. SSLVPN-Users
encryption (optional) Encryption mechanism ssl or startTLS
cacert (optional) CA certificate file (PEM format) /opt/logintc/cacert.pem

Click Test to validate the values and then click Next.

Group Attribute and Access Control

In order to use Mobile VPN with SSL or IPSec, you must properly configure the Group Attribute in your RADIUS Connector. WatchGuard devices use the Group Attribute value to set the attribute that carries the User Group information. This information is used for access control.

To match WatchGuard’s default values, set RADIUS Group Attribute to Filter-Id and LDAP Group to SSLVPN-Users

LDAP Group / AD Group : The name of a group in the LDAP Directory that all authenticating users belong to. The group name must also be added to WatchGuard’s list of groups authorized to authenticate using SSL. By default this is only the SSLVPN-Users group, but other groups can be added manually from the WatchGuard Web UI.

Web Server

Click Test to validate the values and then click Next.

Existing RADIUS Server Option

If you want to use your existing RADIUS server, select RADIUS:

Web Server

Configuration values:

Property Explanation Examples
IP Address or Host Name Host or IP address of the RADIUS server radius.example.com or 192.168.1.43
Authentication Port (optional) Port if the RADIUS server uses non-standard (i.e., 1812) 1812
Shared Secret The secret shared between the RADIUS server and the LoginTC RADIUS Connector testing123

RADIUS Vendor-Specific Attributes

Common Vendor-Specific Attributes (VSAs) returned by the RADIUS server will be relayed.

Click Test to validate the values and then click Next.

Challenge Strategy / Passthrough

Configure which users will be challenged with LoginTC. This allows you to control how LoginTC will be phased in for your users. This flexibility allows for seamless testing and roll out.

Web Server

For example, with smaller or proof of concept deployments select the Static List option. Users on the static list will be challenged with LoginTC, while those not on the list will only be challenged with the configured First Authentication Factor. That means you will be able to test LoginTC without affecting existing users accessing your VPN.

For larger deployments you can elect to use the Active Directory or LDAP Group option. Only users part of a particular LDAP or Active Directory Group will be challenged with LoginTC. As your users are migrating to LoginTC your LDAP and Active Directory group policy will ensure that they will be challenged with LoginTC. Users not part of the group will only be challenged with the configured First Authentication Factor.

Challenge All Users

Select this option if you wish every user to be challenged with LoginTC.

Challenge Users Based on Static Username List

Select this option if you wish to have a static list of users that will be challenged with LoginTC. Good for small number of users.

Web Server

LoginTC challenge users: a new line separated list of usernames. For example:

            jane.doe
            jane.smith
            john.doe
            john.smith

Challenge Users Based on Group Membership

Select this option if you wish to have only users part of a particular Active Directory or LDAP group to be challenged with LoginTC. Good for medium and large number of users.

Web Server

Configuration values:

Property Explanation Examples
Challenge Groups (Optional) Comma separated list of groups for which users will be challenged with LoginTC SSLVPN-Users or two-factor-users
Challenge Groups (Optional) Comma separated list of groups for which users will always bypass LoginTC NOMFA-Users

Click Test to validate the values and then click Next.

Client Settings

Configure RADIUS client (e.g. your RADIUS-speaking VPN):

Web Server

Client configuration values:

Property Explanation Examples
name A unique identifier of your RADIUS client CorporateVPN
IP Addresss The IP address of your RADIUS client (e.g. your RADIUS-speaking VPN). Add additional IP Addresses by clicking plus. 192.168.1.44
Shared Secret The secret shared between the LoginTC RADIUS Connector and its client bigsecret

Under Authentication Mode select Challenge

Web Server

The user will be prompted on how they wish to proceed with second-factor authentication (e.g. LoginTC Push, OTP, bypass code). Your RADIUS client must support RADIUS challenges to use this. Challenging the user will often result in a better user experience. See User Experience for more information.

Click Test to validate the values and then click Save.

Web Server Testing

When you are ready to test your configuration, create a LoginTC user (if you haven’t already done so). The username should match your existing user. Provision a token by following the steps:

  1. In a new tab / window log into the LoginTC Admin Panel
  2. Click Domains
  3. Click on your domain
  4. Click on MembersWeb Server
  5. Click Issue Token button beside your user:Web Server
  6. A 10-character alphanumeric activation code will appear beside the user:Web Server
  7. Open the LoginTC mobile app.
  8. Enter the 10-character alphanumeric activation code:
  9. Load the token to complete the process

When you have loaded a token for your new user and domain, navigate to your appliance web interface URL:

Web Server

Click Test Configuration:

Web Server

Enter a valid username and password; if there is no password leave it blank. A simulated authentication request will be sent to the mobile or desktop device with the user token loaded. Approve the request to continue:

Web Server

Congratulations! Your appliance can successfully broker first and second factor authentication. The only remaining step is to configure your RADIUS device!

If there was an error during testing, the following will appear:

Web Server

In this case, click See logs (or click the Logs section):

Web Server

WatchGuard VPN MFA Configuration

Once you are satisfied with your setup, configure your WatchGuard to use the LoginTC RADIUS Connector.

For your reference, the appliance web interface Settings page displays the appliance IP address and RADIUS port:

Web Server

The following are quick steps to get VPN access protected with LoginTC. The instructions can be used for existing setups as well. Although these were performed on WatchGuard Fireware XTM Web UI, the same is true for other devices in the XTM series.

Mobile VPN with SSL

  1. Log in to your WatchGuard (Fireware XTM Web UI)WatchGuard
  2. Click Authentication:WatchGuard
  3. Under Authentication click Servers:WatchGuard
  4. Under Authentication Servers click RADIUS:WatchGuard
  5. Under Primary Server Settings click Enable RADIUS Server:WatchGuard
  6. Complete Primary Server Settings form:WatchGuard
    Property Explanation Example
    IP Address Address of LoginTC RADIUS Connector 10.0.10.130
    Port RADIUS authentication port. Must be 1812. 1812
    Passphrase The secret shared between the LoginTC RADIUS Connector and its client bigsecret
    Confirm The secret shared between the LoginTC RADIUS Connector and its client bigsecret
    Timeout Amount of time in seconds to wait. At least 90s. 90
    Retries Amount of times to retry authentication. Must be 1. 1
    Group Attribute RADIUS Attribute to be populated with user group info. Must be 11 when using SSL. 11
    Dead Time Amount of time an unresponsive RADIUS server is marked as inactive 0

Group Attribute and Access Control
WatchGuard devices can use the Group Attribute value to set the attribute that carries the User Group information. This information is used for access control. Configure Group Attribute in Active Directory / LDAP Option to include the Filter ID string with the user authentication message that gets sent to the Watchguard device.

  1. Click VPN:WatchGuard
  2. Under VPN click Mobile VPN with SSL:WatchGuard
  3. Click Activate Mobile VPN with SSL:WatchGuard
  4. Under Firebox IP Address or Domain NamesWatchGuard
    Property Explanation Example
    Primary Primary IP address or domain name Firebox users connect to. 10.0.10.130
    Secondary (optional) Secondary IP address or domain name Firebox users connect to. 10.0.10.131
  5. Click Authentication tab:WatchGuard
  6. Select RADIUS:WatchGuard
  7. Click Save:WatchGuard
  8. Click on the Advanced tab:
  9. Set Renegotiate Data Channel to a high value such as 30000WatchGuard
  10. Click Save

You are now ready to test your configuration.

Testing (WatchGuard Configuration)

To test, navigate to your WatchGuard clientless VPN portal or use a WatchGuard client and attempt access.

To test SSL connections, you can use the following online portal:

                https://[device interface IP address]/sslvpn_logon.shtml
User Management

There are several options for managing your users within LoginTC:

Failover

WatchGuard devices have built-in settings that make it easy to configure a secondary RADIUS server to provide failover.

After three authentication attempts fail, Fireware XTM uses the secondary RADIUS server for the next authentication attempt. If the secondary server also fails to respond after three authentication attempts, Fireware XTM waits for the Dead Time interval (10 minutes by default) to elapse. After the Dead Time interval has elapsed, Fireware XTM tries to use the primary RADIUS server again.

— WatchGuard System Manager Help

To set up another RADIUS server, deploy the downloaded LoginTC Connector again (you can deploy it multiple times) and configure it using the same settings as the first one. Click here to review the Connector configuration process. Afterwards, login to your WatchGuard Web UI and make the following changes:

  1. Select Authentication from the left-hand navigation barWatchGuard Failover
  2. Click ServersWatchGuard Failover
  3. Select RADIUSWatchGuard Failover
  4. Check the box to Enable Secondary RADIUS ServerWatchGuard Failover
  5. Complete the Secondary Server Settings Form using the same settings as the primary oneWatchGuard Failover
    Property Explanation Example
    IP Address Address of Secondary LoginTC RADIUS Connector 10.0.10.131
    Port RADIUS authentication port. Must be 1812. 1812
    Passphrase The secret shared between the LoginTC RADIUS Connector and its client newsecret
    Confirm The secret shared between the LoginTC RADIUS Connector and its client newsecret
    Timeout Amount of time in seconds to wait. Must be at least 10 seconds longer than the LoginTC Request Timeout. 70
    Retries Amount of times to retry authentication. Must be 1. 1
    Group Attribute RADIUS Attribute to be populated with user group info. Must be 11. 11
    Dead Time Amount of time an unresponsive RADIUS server is marked as inactive before the WatchGuard device attempts to connect to it again 10
  6. Click SaveWatchGuard Failover
Logging

Logs can be found on the Logs tab:

Web Server

Troubleshooting

User Receives Multiple LoginTC Requests

See the Knowledge Base articles:

Authentication times out

See the Knowledge Base articles:

No Network Connection

  1. First ensure that your LoginTC RADIUS Connector is configured to have a virtual network adapter on eth0
  2. Ensure that the virtual network adapter MAC address matches the one in the file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
  3. Restart the networking service:
    service network restart
  4. If you notice the error that eth0 is not enabled, then check driver messages for more information:
    dmesg | grep eth
  5. It’s possible that the virtualization software renamed the network adapter to eth1. If this is the case, rename /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 to ifcfg-eth1.
    mv /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth1

    Open the file and update the DEVICE="eth0" line to DEVICE="eth1"

Not Authenticating

If you are unable to authenticate, navigate to your appliance web interface URL and click Status:

Web Server

Ensure that all the status checks pass. For additional troubleshooting, click Logs:

Web Server

Unsuccessful authentication may be caused by premature timeouts

If you have activated Mobile VPN with SSL, check that your Group Attributes are configured correctly.

Email Support
For any additional help please email support@cyphercor.com. Expect a speedy reply.

Incorrect Group Settings

If you are using a Mobile VPN protocol such as SSL and are unable to authenticate, check that your Group Attributes are configured correctly. Navigate to your WatchGuard Web UI and click Dashboard in the left-hand navigation bar:Troubleshoot WatchGuard

Click on Traffic Monitor:Troubleshoot WatchGuard

Select Diagnostic from the table header options:Troubleshoot WatchGuard

If you can find the following error message then there is a problem with your Group Attribute settings:

                2015-XX-XX 16:52:41 admd Authentication failed: user username@RADIUS isn't in the authorized SSLVPN group/user list!

Search for the following error message:

                2015-XX-XX 16:59:52 admd RADIUS: no attribute-value pair is retrieved from packet

If found, it means that the RADIUS Connector is not sending back any Group Attribute information. Navigate to your appliance web interface and click Configurations. Select the endpoint you’re having problems with:Troubleshoot WatchGuard

Scroll down to the User Directory section and next to Group Attribute click Edit:Troubleshoot WatchGuard

  1. If “None” is selected, change it to “Specify a group attribute”. Click here to review how to configure the Group Attribute for SSLTroubleshoot WatchGuard
  2. Otherwise, check that your user is a member of the specified group in the LDAP Directory. If they are not, it will cause RADIUS to return a blank attribute.Troubleshoot WatchGuard

If you find a log message similar to this:

                2015-XX-XX 16:52:41 admd RADIUS: finished parsing attribute-value pairs
                2015-XX-XX 16:52:41 admd RADIUS: group 1, type=11 value=L2TP-Users
                2015-XX-XX 16:52:41 admd RADIUS: retrieve VP:Filter-Id(11) int=10

Then the RADIUS server is sending back a Group Attribute, but it may not be the correct one.

Check that the value is the name of the group that has been added to list of groups authorized to authenticate with SSL. Log into the WatchGuard Web UI and select VPN from the left-hand navigation bar. Click on Mobile VPN with SSL :Troubleshoot WatchGuard

Click on the Authentication tab:Troubleshoot WatchGuard

The bottom table contains the list of groups that are authorized to connect with SSL. If the group returned by the RADIUS server is not part of it, it must be added. Click the Add button:Troubleshoot WatchGuard

Type in the group name and select RADIUS as the Authentication Server:Troubleshoot WatchGuard

Authentication Timing Out

If authentication is failing, it is possible that the authentication requests are timing out too quickly. By default, LoginTC push requests will timeout after 90 seconds. Another timeout value is defined by the RADIUS server configuration. If it is set too low, it will cause requests to prematurely timeout. To check, login to your WatchGuard Web UITroubleshoot Timeout

  1. Select Authentication from the left-hand navigation bar, then click ServersTroubleshoot Timeout
  2. Click RADIUSTroubleshoot Timeout
  3. Check the Timeout attribute field. It should be at least 10 seconds longer than the LoginTC Request Timeout set in the LoginTC RAIDUS Connector.Troubleshoot Timeout

See the Knowledge Base articles for more information:

Email Support
For any additional help please email support@cyphercor.com. Expect a speedy reply.

Upgrading

From 4.X

The latest LoginTC RADIUS Connector upgrade package can be downloaded here: Download RADIUS Connector (Upgrade)
  1. Navigate to SETUP > Upgrade:
  2. Click Upload and select your LoginTC RADIUS Connector upgrade file:
  3. Click Upload and do not navigate away from the page:
  4. Once upload is complete upgrade by clicking Install Now:
  5. Wait 10-15 minutes for upgrade to complete:

NOTE: Upgrade time
Upgrade can take 10-15 minutes, please be patient.

From 3.X

Important: LoginTC RADIUS Connector 3.X End-of-life
The LoginTC RADIUS Connector 3.X virtual appliance is built with CentOS 7.9. CentOS 7.X is End of Lifetime (EOL) June 30th, 2024. Although the appliance will still function it will no longer receive updates and nor will it be officially supported.

New LoginTC RADIUS Connector 4.X
A new LoginTC RADIUS Connector 4.X virtual appliance has been created. The Operating System will be supported for many years. Inline upgrade is not supported. As a result upgrade is deploying a new appliance. The appliance has been significantly revamped and although the underlying functionality is identical, it has many new features to take advantage of.

Complete 3.X to 4.X upgrade guide: LoginTC RADIUS Connector Upgrade Guide

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